Basic structure of car wiper
Take the electric windshield wiper as an example to introduce its basic structure and working principle.
The electric windshield wiper is driven by a motor, which is generally composed of a wiper brush arm, a wiper blade assembly, a rubber brush blade, a blade holder, a blade holder, a wiper brush arm spindle, a wiper base plate, and a motor. Speed reduction mechanism, drive rod system, drive rod hinge, wiper switch and wiper switch knob. Of course, the wiper with wiper ECU is also equipped with an electronic control unit ECU. The electric windshield wiper is driven by a motor. The left and right wiper blades of the wiper are pressed against the outer surface of the windshield glass by the wiper arm. The motor drives the deceleration mechanism to rotate and reciprocate through the drive rod system. Drive the wiper brush arm and the wiper brush to swing to the right to wipe the windshield.
Working principle of car wiper
The motor on the electric wiper drives the output shaft through the worm gear on the armature shaft and drives the output gear through the idler gear and the idler shaft, and then the output shaft controls the output arm connected to the wiper connecting rod. When the motor rotates, the output arm and connecting rod are driven to move forward and backward.
The resistor on the control switch is connected with the armature winding of the motor to control the speed of the motor. The driver can pull the switch as needed to make current flow into the input circuit of the motor.
The power source of the wiper comes from the electric motor, which is the core of the entire wiper system. The quality requirements of wiper motors are quite high. It uses a DC permanent magnet motor, and the wiper motor installed on the front windshield is generally integrated with the worm gear mechanical part. The function of the worm gear mechanism is to decelerate and increase the torque, and its output shaft drives the four-bar linkage mechanism, through which the continuous rotary motion is changed into a left-right swing motion.
The wiper motor adopts a 3-brush structure to facilitate speed change. The intermittent time is controlled by an intermittent relay, and the charge and discharge functions of the return switch contact of the motor and the resistance and capacitance of the relay are used to wipe the wiper according to a certain period. The wiper blade rubber strip is a tool to directly remove rainwater and dirt on the glass. The wiper strip is pressed against the glass surface by the spring strip, and its lip must match the angle of the glass in order to achieve the required performance.
Under normal circumstances, there is a wiper control knob on the handle of the automobile combination switch, with 3 gears of low speed, high speed and intermittent. At the top of the handle is a washer button switch. When the switch is pressed, washing water is sprayed, and the windshield is washed with the windshield wiper. The scrubber system is a very common device on automobiles at present, which consists of a water storage tank, a water pump, a water delivery pipe, and a water spray nozzle. The water storage tank is generally a plastic tank of 1.5 liters to 2 liters. The water pump is a miniature electric centrifugal pump. The washing water is divided into small jets and sprayed toward the windshield, which cooperates with the wiper to clean the windshield.